You have probably heard about a colonoscopy, but what exactly is it? A colonoscopy is an examination of the large colon and part of the bowel. Usually, a fiber optic camera is used to give a visual diagnosis. It also provides the opportunity to remove lesions or perform a biopsy. More recently, we are seeing the Virtual Colonoscopy used by way of CT and MR scans. The benefit here is that the exam is non-invasive; however this method is still under investigation to determine its efficacy.
A colonoscopy can be used to remove polyps smaller than 1 millimeter and with the help of a microscope, can be studied to see if they are precancerous. A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that subjects who had a colonoscopy and found no polyps had an extremely low chance of developing colorectal cancer within 5 years. The big takeaway is that for these people, there is no need to undergo another colonoscopy until at least 5 years after the first one.These days, a colonoscopy is actually becoming a routine screen test for people over 40. This is because of the high mortality associated with colorectal cancer and low risks associated with a colonoscopy.
There are many signs that one may need a colonoscopy such as a gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unusual changes in bowel habits, or possible malignancy. While colonoscopies are usually conducted to diagnose colon cancer, they are also used to diagnose IBD, or inflammatory bowel disease. Another reason to consider a colonoscopy might be an unexplained drop in hemotocrit, which is a sign of anemia.
How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy
To begin, patients should advise their doctor of any medical conditions they may have, as well as any herbs/vitamins, medications or anything else taken on a regular basis. Usually, your doctor will provide you with necessary instructions for preparing for a colonoscopy, but try to stay away from liquids containing red or purple dye. Also, after the colonoscopy you will not be able to drive for 10-12 hours…so make sure to have a friend drive you wherever you need to go.
What to expect
A colonoscopy is used to see inside the rectum and colon, so its best if all solids are removed from the GI tract by maintaining a clear liquid diet for a few days before the procedure. Just prior to the procedure, the doctor will monitor the heart, blood pressure and oxygenation of the blood. Sometime patients feel a sense of pressure, bloating or cramping, so a sedative is often used to relieve this discomfort. You will be lying on your side or back while the device is advanced, and once the tip of the colon is reached, the colonoscope is withdrawn and the lining is examined. A colonoscopy can take anywhere from 15 to 60 minutes depending on the patient. Some doctors also prefer to make additional assessment, by using an x-ray for further diagnosis.
For additional information please Contact Dr. Belizon at Minimally Invasive Colon & Rectal Surgery of South Florida www.floridacolonandrectaldoctors.com.
